(11) If inadequate, which of
the following would be the MOST likely contributor to a denial-of-service
attack?
A. Router
configuration and rules
B. Design of the internal network
C. Updates to the router system
software
D. Audit testing and review techniques
Explanation:
Inadequate router configuration and rules would lead to an exposure to denial-of-service attacks. Choices B and C would be lesser contributors. Choice D is incorrect because audit testing and review techniques are applied after the fact.
Inadequate router configuration and rules would lead to an exposure to denial-of-service attacks. Choices B and C would be lesser contributors. Choice D is incorrect because audit testing and review techniques are applied after the fact.
(12) The Secure Sockets Layer
(SSL) protocol addresses the confidentiality of a message through:
A. symmetric
encryption.
B. message authentication code.
C. hash function.
D. digital signature certificates.
Explanation:
SSL uses a symmetric key for message encryption. A message authentication code is used for ensuring data integrity. Hash function is used for generating a message digest; it does not use public key encryption for message encryption. Digital signature certificates are used by SSL for server authentication.
SSL uses a symmetric key for message encryption. A message authentication code is used for ensuring data integrity. Hash function is used for generating a message digest; it does not use public key encryption for message encryption. Digital signature certificates are used by SSL for server authentication.
(13)
The PRIMARY goal of a web site
certificate is:
A. authentication
of the web site that will be surfed.
B. authentication of the user who surfs
through that site.
C. preventing surfing of the web site
by hackers.
D. the same purpose as that of a
digital certificate.
Explanation:
Authenticating the site to be surfed is the primary goal of a web certificate. Authentication of a user is achieved through passwords and not by a web site certificate. The site certificate does not prevent hacking nor does it authenticate a person.
Authenticating the site to be surfed is the primary goal of a web certificate. Authentication of a user is achieved through passwords and not by a web site certificate. The site certificate does not prevent hacking nor does it authenticate a person.
(14) An IS auditor performing
detailed network assessments and access control reviews should FIRST:
A. determine
the points of entry.
B. evaluate users’
access authorization.
C. assess users’ identification and
authorization.
D. evaluate the domain-controlling
server configuration.
Explanation:
In performing detailed network assessments and access control reviews, an IS auditor should first determine the points of entry to the system and review the points of entry accordingly for appropriate controls. Evaluation of user access authorization, assessment of user identification and authorization, and evaluation of the domain-controlling server configuration are all
In performing detailed network assessments and access control reviews, an IS auditor should first determine the points of entry to the system and review the points of entry accordingly for appropriate controls. Evaluation of user access authorization, assessment of user identification and authorization, and evaluation of the domain-controlling server configuration are all
(15) The difference between a
vulnerability assessment and a penetration test is that a vulnerability
assessment:
A. searches
and checks the infrastructure to detect vulnerabilities, whereas penetration
testing intends to exploit the vulnerabilities to probe the damage that could
result from the vulnerabilities.
B. and penetration tests are different
names for the same activity.
C. is executed by automated tools,
whereas penetration testing is a totally manual process.
D. is executed by commercial tools,
whereas penetration testing is executed by public processes.
Explanation:
The objective of a vulnerability assessment is to find the security holds in the computers and elements analyzed; its intent is not to damage the infrastructure. The intent of penetration testing is to imitate a hacker’s activities and determine how far they could go into the network. They are not the same; they have different approaches. Vulnerability assessments and penetration testing can be executed by automated or manual tools or processes and can be executed by commercial or free tools.
The objective of a vulnerability assessment is to find the security holds in the computers and elements analyzed; its intent is not to damage the infrastructure. The intent of penetration testing is to imitate a hacker’s activities and determine how far they could go into the network. They are not the same; they have different approaches. Vulnerability assessments and penetration testing can be executed by automated or manual tools or processes and can be executed by commercial or free tools.
(16) The most common problem in
the operation of an intrusion detection system (IDS) is:
A. the detection of false
positives.
B. receiving trap messages.
C. reject-error rates.
D. denial-of-service attacks.
Explanation:
Because of the configuration and the way IDS technology operates, the main problem in operating IDSs is the recognition (detection) of events that are not really security incidents-false positives, the equivalent of a false alarm. An IS auditorneeds to be aware of this and should check for implementation of related controls, such as IDS tuning, and incident handling procedures, such as the screening process to know if an event is a security incident or a false positive. Trap messages aregenerated by the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agents when an important event happens, but are not particularly related to security or IDSs. Reject-error rate is related to biometric technology and is not related to IDSs. Denial-of-service is a type of attack and is not a problem in the operation of IDSs.
Because of the configuration and the way IDS technology operates, the main problem in operating IDSs is the recognition (detection) of events that are not really security incidents-false positives, the equivalent of a false alarm. An IS auditorneeds to be aware of this and should check for implementation of related controls, such as IDS tuning, and incident handling procedures, such as the screening process to know if an event is a security incident or a false positive. Trap messages aregenerated by the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agents when an important event happens, but are not particularly related to security or IDSs. Reject-error rate is related to biometric technology and is not related to IDSs. Denial-of-service is a type of attack and is not a problem in the operation of IDSs.
(17) Which of the following
provides nonrepudiation services for e-commerce transactions?
A. Public key infrastructure (PKI)
B. Data Encryption Standard (DES)
C. Message authentication code (MAC)
D. Personal identification number (PIN)
Explanation:
PKl is the administrative infrastructure for digital certificates and encryption key pairs. The qualities of an acceptable digital signature are: it is unique to the person using it; it is capable of verification; it is under the sole control of theperson using it; and it is linked to data in such a manner that if data are changed, the digital signature is invalidated. PKl meets these tests. The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is the most common private key cryptographic system. DES does not address nonrepudiation . A MAC is a cryptographic value calculated by passing an entire message through a cipher system. The sender attaches the MAC before transmission and the receiver recalculates the MAC and compares it to the sent MAC. If the two MACs are not equal, this indicates that the message has been altered during transmission; it has nothing to do with nonrepudiation . A PIN is a type of password, a secret number assigned to an individual that, in conjunction with some other means of identification, serves to verify the authenticity of the individual.
PKl is the administrative infrastructure for digital certificates and encryption key pairs. The qualities of an acceptable digital signature are: it is unique to the person using it; it is capable of verification; it is under the sole control of theperson using it; and it is linked to data in such a manner that if data are changed, the digital signature is invalidated. PKl meets these tests. The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is the most common private key cryptographic system. DES does not address nonrepudiation . A MAC is a cryptographic value calculated by passing an entire message through a cipher system. The sender attaches the MAC before transmission and the receiver recalculates the MAC and compares it to the sent MAC. If the two MACs are not equal, this indicates that the message has been altered during transmission; it has nothing to do with nonrepudiation . A PIN is a type of password, a secret number assigned to an individual that, in conjunction with some other means of identification, serves to verify the authenticity of the individual.
(18) While copying files from a
floppy disk, a user introduced a virus into the network. Which of the following
would MOST effectively detect the existence of the virus?
A. A scan of all floppy disks before
use
B. A virus monitor on the network file
server
C. Scheduled daily scans of all
network drives
D. A virus monitor on the user’s
personal computer
Explanation:
Scheduled daily scans of all network drives will detect the presence of a virus after the infection has occurred. All of the other choices are controls designed to prevent a computer virus from infecting the system.
Scheduled daily scans of all network drives will detect the presence of a virus after the infection has occurred. All of the other choices are controls designed to prevent a computer virus from infecting the system.
(19) Which of the following
message services provides the strongest evidence that a specific action has
occurred?
A. Proof of delivery
B. Nonrepudiation
C. Proof of submission
D. Message origin authentication
Explanation:
Nonrepudiation services provide evidence that a specific action occurred. Nonrepudiation services are similar to their weaker proof counterparts, i.e., proof of submission, proof of delivery and message origin authentication. However, nonrepudiationprovides stronger evidence because the proof can be demonstrated to a third party. Digital signatures are used to provide nonrepudiation . Message origination authentication will only confirm the source of the message and does not confirm the specificaction that has been completed.
Nonrepudiation services provide evidence that a specific action occurred. Nonrepudiation services are similar to their weaker proof counterparts, i.e., proof of submission, proof of delivery and message origin authentication. However, nonrepudiationprovides stronger evidence because the proof can be demonstrated to a third party. Digital signatures are used to provide nonrepudiation . Message origination authentication will only confirm the source of the message and does not confirm the specificaction that has been completed.
(20) The PRIMARY objective of
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is to ensure:
A. only the sender and receiver
are able to encrypt/decrypt the data.
B. the sender and receiver can
authenticate their respective identities.
C. the alteration of transmitted data
can be detected.
D. the ability to identify the sender
by generating a one-time session key.
Explanation:
SSL generates a session key used to encrypt/decrypt the transmitted data, thus ensuring its confidentiality. Although SSL allows the exchange of X509 certificates to provide for identification and authentication, this feature along with choices C and D are not the primary objectives.
SSL generates a session key used to encrypt/decrypt the transmitted data, thus ensuring its confidentiality. Although SSL allows the exchange of X509 certificates to provide for identification and authentication, this feature along with choices C and D are not the primary objectives.
(21) The role of the
certificate authority (CA) as a third party is to:
A.provide secured communication and networking services
based on certificates.
B. host a repository of certificates
with the corresponding public and secret keys issued by that CA.
C. act as a trusted intermediary
between two communication partners.
D. confirm the identity of the
entity owning a certificate issued by that CA.
Explanation:
The primary activity of a CA is to issue certificates. The primary role of the CA is to check the identity of the entity owning a certificate and to confirm the integrity of any certificate it issued. Providing a communication infrastructure is not a CA activity. The secret keys belonging to the certificates would not be archived at the CA. The CA can contribute to authenticating the communicating partners to each other, but the CA is not involved in the communication stream itself.
The primary activity of a CA is to issue certificates. The primary role of the CA is to check the identity of the entity owning a certificate and to confirm the integrity of any certificate it issued. Providing a communication infrastructure is not a CA activity. The secret keys belonging to the certificates would not be archived at the CA. The CA can contribute to authenticating the communicating partners to each other, but the CA is not involved in the communication stream itself.
(22) Which of the following is
a distinctive feature of the Secure Electronic Transactions (SET) protocol when
used for electronic credit card payments?
A. The buyer is assured that neither
the merchant nor any other party can misuse their credit card data.
B. All personal SET certificates are
stored securely in the buyer’s computer.
C. The buyer is liable for any
transaction involving his/her personal SET certificates.
D. The payment process is simplified,
as the buyer is not required to enter a credit card number and an expiration
date.
Explanation:
The usual agreement between the credit card issuer and the cardholder stipulates that the cardholder assumes responsibility for any use of their personal SET certificates for e-commerce transactions. Depending upon the agreement between the merchant and the buyer’s credit card issuer, the merchant will have access to the credit card number and expiration date. Secure data storage in the buyer’s computer (local computer security) is not part of the SET standard. Although the buyer is not required to enter their credit card data, they will have to handle the wallet software.
The usual agreement between the credit card issuer and the cardholder stipulates that the cardholder assumes responsibility for any use of their personal SET certificates for e-commerce transactions. Depending upon the agreement between the merchant and the buyer’s credit card issuer, the merchant will have access to the credit card number and expiration date. Secure data storage in the buyer’s computer (local computer security) is not part of the SET standard. Although the buyer is not required to enter their credit card data, they will have to handle the wallet software.
(23) E-mail traffic from the
Internet is routed via firewall-1 to the mail gateway. Mail is routed from the
mail gateway, via firewall-2, to the mail recipients in the internal network.
Other traffic is not allowed. For example, the firewalls do not allow direct
traffic from the Internet to the internal network. The intrusion detection
system (IDS) detects traffic for the internal network that did not originate
from the mail gateway. The FIRST action triggered by the IDS should be to:
A. alert the appropriate staff.
B. create an entry in the log.
C. close firewall-2.
D. close firewall-1.
Explanation:
Traffic for the internal network that did not originate from the mail gateway is a sign that firewall-1 is not functioning properly. This may have been be caused by an attack from a hacker. Closing firewa!l-2 is the first thing that should be done, thus preventing damage to the internal network. After closing firewall-2, the malfunctioning of firewall-1 can be investigated. The IDS should trigger the closing of firewall-2 either automatically or by manual intervention. Between the detection by the IDS and a response from the system administrator valuable time can be lost, in which a hacker could also compromise firewall-2. An entry in the log is valuable for later analysis, but before that, the IDS should close firewall-2. If firewall-1 has already been compromised by a hacker, it might not be possible for the IDS to close it.
Traffic for the internal network that did not originate from the mail gateway is a sign that firewall-1 is not functioning properly. This may have been be caused by an attack from a hacker. Closing firewa!l-2 is the first thing that should be done, thus preventing damage to the internal network. After closing firewall-2, the malfunctioning of firewall-1 can be investigated. The IDS should trigger the closing of firewall-2 either automatically or by manual intervention. Between the detection by the IDS and a response from the system administrator valuable time can be lost, in which a hacker could also compromise firewall-2. An entry in the log is valuable for later analysis, but before that, the IDS should close firewall-2. If firewall-1 has already been compromised by a hacker, it might not be possible for the IDS to close it.
(24) An IS auditor should be
MOST concerned with what aspect of an authorized honeypot?
A. The data collected on attack methods
B. The information offered to outsiders
on thehoneypot
C. The risk that thehoneypot could
be used to launch further attacks on the organization’s infrastructure
D. The risk that thehoneypot would be
subject to a distributed denial-of-service attack
Explanation:
Choice C represents the organizational risk that the honeypot could be used as a point of access to launch further attacks on the enterprise’s systems. Choices A and B are purposes for deploying a honeypot , not a concern. Choice D, the risk that thehoneypot would be subject to a distributed denial-of-service ( DDoS ) attack, is not relevant, as the honeypot is not a critical device for providing service.
Choice C represents the organizational risk that the honeypot could be used as a point of access to launch further attacks on the enterprise’s systems. Choices A and B are purposes for deploying a honeypot , not a concern. Choice D, the risk that thehoneypot would be subject to a distributed denial-of-service ( DDoS ) attack, is not relevant, as the honeypot is not a critical device for providing service.
(25) Which of the following
should be a concern to an IS auditor reviewing a wireless network?
A. 128-bit static-key WEP (Wired
Equivalent Privacy) encryption is enabled.
B. SSID (Service SetIDentifier)
broadcasting has been enabled.
C. Antivirus software has been
installed in all wireless clients.
D. MAC (Media Access Control) access
control filtering has been deployed.
Explanation:
SSID broadcasting allows a user to browse for available wireless networks and to access them without authorization. Choices A, C and D are used to strengthen a wireless network.
SSID broadcasting allows a user to browse for available wireless networks and to access them without authorization. Choices A, C and D are used to strengthen a wireless network.
- Muhammad Idham Azhari
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